Premature deciduous tooth loss and orthodontic treatment need: a 6-year prospective study

Abstract

Aim The premature loss of a deciduous tooth may disrupt the normal development of the occlusion, leading to orthodontic treatment need. This prospective study aimed to assess the association between premature deciduous tooth loss and malocclusion development and, consequently, orthodontic treatment need.

Subjects and methods A total of 110 children (mean age: 6.4 years) participated in this study. The children were divided into two groups: an exposed group with premature deciduous tooth loss (n = 56) and an unexposed group without premature deciduous tooth loss (n = 54). Their clinical charts were analyzed and clinical examinations were performed according to the criteria of the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Both groups were reassessed on average 6.5 years after the initial records. Statistical analysis involved the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression (p > 0.050).

Results The premature loss of maxillary molars was significantly associated with crowding (p < 0.001) and increased overjet (p = 0.001). The premature loss of mandibular molars was associated with crowding in the mandibular arch (p < 0.001). Orthodontic treatment need was associated with premature deciduous tooth loss (p < 0.001) and the number of missing teeth (p < 0.001). Children with premature deciduous tooth loss exhibited a greater need for orthodontic treatment than those without premature tooth loss (OR = 4.88; 95% CI).

Conclusion Premature deciduous tooth loss is a determinant factor for the establishment of malocclusion and consequent increased need for orthodontic treatment.