Relação entre padrões de uso e ocupação do solo e qualidade da água em uma bacia hidrográfica urbana

Abstract

Land use significantly alters the physicochemical and biological processes of natural systems. Thus, surface water sources are integrators of phenomena occurring on the catchment area. In this way, the study aimed to explore the spatial and temporal variability of water quality, and to assess the possible relationships between patterns of land use of the Ribeirão Vermelho basin. Water samples were collected in two periods (summer and winter) and in 15 sections along the watercourse. There has been strong temporal and spatial influence on water quality, and winter period showed the highest nutrient concentrations (Cl-, P, NO3 -), electrical conductivity and organic matter. These values influence the values of the Water Quality Index, ranging from 84 to 9 in the summer period and 66 to 6 in the winter. With respect to trophic conditions of water sources, average values of Trophic State Index of 30 were verified during the rainy season and 93 in winter. Regarding land use patterns, strong relationships in water quality in both periods were observed, the main source of contamination are urban areas. Ribeirão Vermelho and its effluent have shown strong influence of the forms of land use and occupation evidenced by the input organic matter and nutrients in water systems through domestic sewage release untreated and by agriculture in the drainage system of the basin.