Fungos endofíticos em Brachiaria e Cynodon

Abstract

Endophytic microorganisms inhabit the inside of the plants without causing damage to the host plant. The interactions of endophytes with their host plants have been very beneficial and may be related to plant health, acting in controlling the growth of pathogens, insects and nematodes, microorganisms, or other activities. The objective of this study was to isolate endophytic fungi of different species of Brachiaria and Cynodon, how to evaluate their antifungal potential against some phytopathogenic fungi. The fungi were isolated from the stems of plants. The samples were collected in Brachiaria pastures areas, experimental fields and greenhouse, and Cynodon in a greenhouse.For the disinfection sterile distilled water, 96% ethanol and sodium hypochlorite (5%) was used. Stem fragments were arranged in Petri dishes with PDA/cefotaxime and incubated at 25°C. Were isolated 84 endophytic fungi Brachiaria and 24 Cynodon. The isolates belong to the phylum Ascomycota and Brachiariahas 2 representatives of Basidiomycota. The genera/species that had a higher number of isolates in Brachiaria were Paraconiothyrium, Phoma sorghina, Plenodomus and Sarocladium strictum, and Cynodon were Neosetophoma and Sarocladium spinificis. Of fungi isolated from Brachiaria, 10 showed antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, 4 belongs to Paraconiothyrium sp., 1 Sarocladium kiliense, 1 Cladosporium flabelliforme, 1 Acremonium curvulum, 1 Dissoconium sp., 1 Setophoma terrestris and 1 unidentified. In Cynodon 9 showed antifungal activity, with 7 Sarocladium spinificis, 1 Sarocladium sp. and 1 unidentified.