Viabilidade técnica e econômica da adubação a lanço antecipada e na linha de semeadura do feijoeiro em diferentes sistemas de cultivo

Abstract

With great concern with the environmental impacts and dependence on several factors in agriculture, as well as the growing global demand for food, the consolidation of the tillage system brings great benefits to the environment in addition to reducing production costs due to unnecessary operations such as plowing, subsoiling, chiseling and disking. Thus, the producer seeks the most efficient use of agricultural machinery for a better economic viability and self- sustainability of his farming system. The experiment was conducted on three soil preparation systems (conventional, minimum and direct), combined with two fertilization systems (cast and groove) of the common bean cultivation. The experimental area was located on the Fazenda Palmital, owned by UFLA, in Ijaci - MG, Brazil, in the period from September to December 2013, with the objective of studying the best technical and economic performance of the bean with pre-sowing fertilization, compared to fertilization in sowing in regard to different soil preparation systems during the rainy season. We used a randomized block design in a 2x3 factorial scheme (two fertilization systems and three treatments) with four replicates, in 66 m² plots, with dimensions of 3.3 x 20.0 m. The treatments were: CP - conventional preparation with soil disturbance and mechanical weed control; MP - minimum preparation with minimum soil disturbance and mechanical weed control; T - tillage and chemical weed control. We observed that the tillage system with cast fertilization presented lower production cost, and time and area consumption. Regarding the skating, there was no influence of the preparations over the bean cultivation.