Aprendendo com a natureza: uma revisão sistemática sobre Nature-Based Solutions (NBS)

Abstract

Discussions involving the environment are growing more and more, especially in the quest to continue development and at the same time conserve nature, trying to create a harmonious relationship between nature and society. This becomes clear when we analyze the paradigm of sustainability-centrism, which is based on a sustainable development that appears after the anthropocentric and eccentric paradigms. Although this awareness of environmental problems is still increasing and increasingly taking on a larger proportion, these problems eventually involve different actors in society. More recently, a new concept, Nature-Based Solutions (NBS), has emerged. This concept has been winning the agendas of major multilateral bodies such as the World Bank and the UN, however, in the academic world there are still few developed works, and in Brazil this will be the first to be published in the area. In seeking to expand the theme, this paper seeks to bring a debate on Nature-Based Solutions, in which it will systematize a debate about the NBS so that it gains more field in the national studies. This research searches through a systematic review of 36 articles mapped in the Web of Science to inform and structure the NBS debate. We conclude that research on NBS is still incipient, but that it has shown growth in recent years. The studies highlight the possibility of application in different areas such as water crisis, agriculture, green infrastructure and climate change. In the end, we highlight the relevance of research in the Public Field on solutions based on nature and the possibilities of the development of public policies from this perspective.