“Batalha pela (a)normalidade sexual”. A construção das identidades LGBT+ como desviantes: uma análise da (re)patologização da homossexualidade.

Abstract

This work is based on the questions "How was the discourse of pathologizing LGBT+ identities is historically constructed in Brazil?" and "How do these identities resist the pathologization?". Here, the objective is to understand, from the sociology of deviation, the processes of (re)pathologization of homosexuality in Brazil, present in the discourses of "gay cure". The data for the elaboration of the research were collected through bibliographical research and materials published on digital platforms. It is discussed the construction of the concept of deviation, in the Howard Becker's theoretical framework, seeking to identify how such a conceptual apparatus can explain homosexuality as a deviant category. We discuss the distinction between the concepts of sex and sexuality, in order to understand their historical expressions in the construction of sexual identities and in the medical and social discourses of homosexuality pathologization. Within this vision, it is approached how the pathological theories regarding LGBT + identities were constructed, and how this reality perpasses the history and experiences of brazilian LGBT + Movements. In this perspective, it is outlined how the reactions to the (re)pathologization discourse were presented in Brazil, highlighting the event popularly known as "gay cure", bringing the discussions around the public sanction to the psychologist Rozângela Justino, of the Project of Legislative Decree 234/11 by congressman João Campos, and the preliminary decision taken in Popular Action 1011189-79.2017.4.01.3400, filed against the Resolution 01/99 of Federal Council of Psychology. Finally, it is shown how all these conjunctures contributed to a marginal view of LGBT+ identities, with the reaffirmation of prejudices about them. It is argued that the idea of "gay cure" is a hybrid of religious, moral, social, cultural, political discourses, armed against LGBT+ identities; notwithstanding the reactivation of processes of resistance and empowerment of individuals and of LGBT + movements. The label of deviants imputed to homosexuals engenders their reaction in not accepting such a pecha, organizing themselves in social groups that demarcate and construct the constant critique of these imposed labels.