Micropropagação e aspectos da anatomia foliar da figueira 'Roxo de Valinhos' em diferentes ambientes

Abstract

The in vitro multiplication, acclimatization and leaf anatomy on fig ´Roxo de Valinhos´ in different environments was investigated. In the first part, were tested activated charcoal and BAP, kinetin and GA3 and different WPM culture medium concentrations combined with kinetin. Test tubes or flasks containing the explants was maintained at growth room, with 27±1°C, 35 µM.m-2.s.-1 irradiance and 16 hours of photoperiod. On the second part, plantlets days permanence in culture medium without growth regulators and different substrates was tested. The plants stayed in greenhouse under intermittent mist and 50% shadow during the first month. Leaf anatomy was made to compare in vitro plantlets, with 20, 40 and 60 days acclimatization and plants cultivated in field conditions. The activated charcoal inhibit the multiplication. Small, vitrified and with callus excess shoots are obtained by BAP treatment. Larger shoots and without vitrification was obtained with kinetin 0,5 mg.L-1, meanwhile GA3 induced excessive etiolation, vitrification, clorosis and apical necrosis at the plantlets. Better multiplication are obtained with WPM 100% and kinetin 0,5 mg.L-1 combination. Cultivated plantlets for 30 days in WPM medium without growth regulators present good development on Plantmax® substrate during acclimatization. At leaf anatomical study was verified differences among the environments. Plantlets in vitro have little developed leaf tissue and great stomatas number. Stomatas number reduces during the acclimatization. With 60 days of acclimatization the news leafs presents some anatomical aspects that can check larger fotossintetic efficiency and capacity of hidric plant regulation.