Principal component analysis-adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) for the simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of three metals in water samples

Abstract

A spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous determination of Al(III), Co(II) and Ni(II) using Alizarin Red S as a chelating agent was developed. The parameters controlling the behavior of the system were investigated and optimum conditions were selected. The presence of non-linearities was checked using Mallows augmented partial residual plots. To take into account these non-linearities, a principal component analysis-adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (PC-ANFISs) method was used for the analysis of ternary mixtures of Al(III), Co(II) and Ni(II) over the range of 0.05–0.90, 0.05–4.05 and 0.05–0.95 μg mL−1, respectively. Absorbance data were collected between 370 and 700 nm. The method was applied to accurately and simultaneously determines the content of metal ions in several synthetic mixtures.