Riqueza de cogumelos em diferentes altitudes na Serra da Mantiqueira, no sul de Minas Gerais

Abstract

There is still a huge knowledge gap about the diversity of mushrooms in the Atlantic Forest and how it varies with different environmental conditions. Thus, this work had as objectives: to carry out a survey of the richness and composition of species of mushrooms in the Serra da Mantiqueira in the southern region of Minas Gerais; test the hypothesis of how different altitudes influence the wealth and composition of the mushroom community; test the hypothesis that the temporal effect influences the wealth and/or composition of the mushrooms community and; evaluate the effect of soil moisture, air humidity, room temperature, pH, organic matter, total monthly rainfall and average monthly temperature on the richness and/or composition of the mushrooms. The mushrooms were collected over 4 different elevation levels at 4 different times throughout the year. The mushrooms were identified based on macroscopic morphological characteristics. In total, 1861 mushrooms were sampled, distributed in 381 morphospecies, 64 genera and 25 families. The altitude had little or no effect on the mushroom richness, although it did influence the composition of the mushroom community. The studied area is rich and diverse and heterogeneous in relation to the mushroom community. Soil and air humidity, at the time of collection, and the highest average monthly averages were the most important factors for mushroom richness at different periods of collection.