Otimização da produção do carvão vegetal por meio do controle de temperaturas de carbonização

Abstract

Although in recent years several studies have been done with the aim of improving the wood quality indices (basic density, chemical composition), much of the Brazilian charcoal production still occurs in kilns that have low gravimetric yield and uncontrolled emissions of polluting gases. In an attempt to change this scenario, this work was developed with the objective of evaluating the operation of a kiln-furnace system. The work also aimed to adjust carbonization control ranges according to temperature and time, taking into account the thermal degradation of wood in order to maximize the yield of charcoal. Three kilns were built, attached to a furnace for burning the gases generated during the carbonization. Control of carbonization was conducted using internal temperature, measured by an infrared temperature sensor. According to the results, controlling time and temperature during the carbonization provided average gravimetric yields of 33% charcoal, 8% semi-carbonized wood and 3% fines (particle size less than 12.7 mm). The furnace was efficient in reducing fume to the environment, working for a third time carbonization. It is concluded that the kiln-furnace system presents satisfactory production of charcoal, with low fume during carbonization.