Seleção de fungos apodrecedores de madeira e caracterização de basidiomicetos associados à podridão de árvores vivas

Abstract

Rot fungi are important organisms that act in wood degradation due to its enzymatic apparatus capable of decomposing the chemical components of this substrate and, thus, these fungi have been used for several biotechnological purposes. Thus, the objective of this work was to select rot fungi by means of accelerated rotting trials, collected from wood trunks and logs, and to contribute with morphological and molecular information of the ITS region of the rDNA over a few species of three basidiomycete fungi genera collected in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The fungi were tested regarding its capacity for producing phenoloxidase in medium supplemented with tannic acid. The biodegradation trial was performed from the adaptation of the ASTM D2017-05 norms and the molecular identification of the fungi were performed by comparing the sequences of ITS deposited in the GenBank. The morphological and molecular characterization of the Ganoderma, Perenniporia and Rigidoporus isolates was done from observations of the basidioma and fungal colonies. All tested fungi cased mass loss, however, the Pycnoporus sanguineus, Lentinus crinitus, Schizophyllum commune, Ganoderma sp., Gymnopilus lepidotus and Ganoderma subamboinense were highlighted. The morphological traits and phylogenetic analysis allowed the identification of the G. subamboinense, G. parvulum, P. martia and R. ulmarius species.