Effect of altitude and terrain aspect on the chemical composition of Coffea canephora cherries and sensory characteristics of the beverage

Abstract

BACKGROUND The terrain slope and field altitude where the plant is cultivated influence the composition of coffee cherries. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of different levels of altitude and terrain slope on the Coffea canephora cherries, as well as on the quality of the final beverage. C. canephora harvested in fields with 300 and 600 m altitude and with southeast‑ and northwest-facing slopes was evaluated.

RESULTS Lower pH values were observed for cherries cultivated at higher altitudes. The highest percentage of soluble solids (525.00 g kg−1) was found on northwest-facing slopes at 300 m. The highest values of phenolic compounds were observed at 600 m. Significant differences were found in the moisture of coffee cherries grown in different terrain slope and in the fiber content at different altitudes. The results do not enable us to conclude how the altitude and terrain slope influence the mineral content of cherries. Acidity, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates were not influenced by altitude or terrain slope. The scores of cup quality were significantly affected by the altitude but not by the terrain slope. Coffees from cherries harvested in fields with 600 m altitude obtained the higher scores.

CONCLUSION Results show that altitude and terrain slope influence some compounds of coffee fruits, whereas others remain unaffected. The findings are important because, during coffee fruits processing, these compounds are used to produce others that will have an influence on the bean and coffee beverage quality. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry