Indicadores de qualidade do solo em diferentes manejos de sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária em diferentes biomas

Abstract

The goal of the 2030 agenda for the United Nations (UN) is to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs), which emphasize the maintenance of resilient agricultural systems and ensure increased productivity in areas. The Integrated Crop-Livestock System (ICLS) are known worldwide for their sustainable role with nature, for favoring the sequestration of carbon in the soil, mitigating greenhouse gases, in addition to guaranteeing income to the producer and improving the use of the area due to the intensification of agricultural activities. They are diversified forms of food production, consisting of grazing and cultivation in the same area in a planned way for synergism to occur in the production system.Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the microbial activity in the soil under the effect of: i) different fertilization strategies, ii) conventional managements and iii) grazing intensity under ICLS. The study evaluated four experiments installed in different edaphoclimatic conditions, located in Mato Grosso, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul. The results showed that the acid phosphatase, β-glicosidase and arylsulfatase enzymes were not influenced by the fertilization strategy, rotational cultivation (cropping) and grazing intensity used, but had values above the expected average value based on previous research. except the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate which showed an increase as the grazing intensity is reduced.Variables such as organic carbon, microbial and glomalin biomass carbon in the soil had the highest average (p<0.05) for areas with low grazing intensity and with fertilization in the pasture in SIPA. SIPA are the result of ecological interactions that occur in the agroecosystem, therefore, in this study we were able to verify that management, when wellmanaged, can be a sustainable alternative for food production, regardless of the climatic conditions of each location, the technique must be well applied, whether the fertilization strategy adopted or grazing used. SIPA are agricultural technologies that guarantee the production and sustainability of the agroecosystem, and thus are indicated to be adopted by the UN as a model of economic, social and environmental development.