Uso de silagem de grão úmido/reidratado de milho sobre indicadores técnicos e econômicos em bovinos de leite

Abstract

Production efficiency, among other factors, impacts on profitability in dairy farming, thus alternatives to increase such efficiency can improve economic results. The objective of the research was to evaluate zootechnical and economic indicators of milk production systems that use moist/rehydrated corn grain silage (GUR). Data from 115 farms participating in the Educampo/SEBRAE-MG Platform were analyzed, covering a three-year period of evaluation, from November 2018 to October 2021. Data was corrected by the IGP-DI of December 2021. The available data were evaluated according to the region of the state of Minas Gerais and within each region, the properties were evaluated according to production systems, considering production structures as defining: Confined System With Structure, Confined Without Structure and Semi-confined. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the database using the PROC MEANS procedure in SAS. The analysis of variance was carried out using the MIXED procedure in SAS (University Edition, SAS Institute Inc.). The model included the random effect of farm (1 - 115), and the fixed effects of region (RE), production system (SP), use or not of GUR, year (ANO) and the interactions GUR × RE; GUR × SP; GUR × ANO. The structures of unstructured covariance (UN), first-order autoregressive [AR(1)] and compound symmetry (CS) were tested. Statistical significance was declared when P ≤ 0.05 and trends when 0.05 < P ≤ 0.10 for the main effect. When a value of P ≤ 0.05 was observed for the interactions, a pair-wise t-test was performed. The percentage of fat in milk was higher, within the farms that used GUR, in 2021, compared to 2020. Farms using GUR had a higher percentage of protein in milk within the Confined production system without structure. Farms that used GUR showed better results for price per kilo of concentrate, ratio of concentrate milk, expenses on concentrate over gross income, revenue minus feed costs per lactating cow, concentrate costs per liter of milk, total unit operating costs and net margin per lactating cow. Farms that used GUR showed better economic indicators linked to food, especially in periods of high input prices.