Qualidade física do solo em diferentes usos e floresta nativa

Abstract

Understanding the soil compaction process and the search for alternatives to mitigate its effects have motivated studies on a global scale, since compaction is considered one of the main threats to maintaining soil quality in agricultural and forestry areas. The objective of this work was to verify changes caused by different types of uses in the physical quality of the soil, as well as in its properties in relation to improvements and productivity in coffee growing areas in a red-yellow latosol and a red latosol. The areas of use corresponding to the ILPF system (Crop-livestock-forest integration) and the CE (Cerrado) did not show a significant difference between them in terms of p (Pre-consolidation pressure), due to both areas having suffered animal trampling and/or traffic of machines. On the other hand, there was a significant difference between the ILPF and CE systems in relation to FN (Native Forest), with these two land uses presenting a higher p. The uses CE and PEX (Extensive grazing) also presented the lowest values of optimum compaction moisture (Uót), given their state of consolidation due to the non-disturbing of the soil and trampling by animals, as well as the highest degree of compaction (GC), indicating a greater structural change in the soil when compared to FN. All systems presented basic infiltration velocity (VIB) values lower than the FN, indicating that human activity interfered with the soil structure. For coffee growing areas, where there is greater productivity, these are areas that have a greater quantity of M.O and a greater volume of Brachiaria sp. And when evaluating the resistance to penetration of each of these soils, it is observed that this type of management directly influences the reduction of soil compaction, this occurs because, according to the M.O, it promotes a decrease in the load pressure applied to the soil structure, leaving it less cohesive, more friable.