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Electrochemical biosensors in agricultural and veterinary applications
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Springer
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Electrochemical biosensors are sensors which utilize some biological recognition element (for example, DNA/RNA, enzymes, cells, tissues, microorganisms, and antigen/antibody) to interact with the analyte, producing a detectable electrical signal. These biosensors have been successfully employed in a variety of applications. In the agriculture and veterinary areas, for example, they are explored in the detection of mycotoxins, herbicides, and veterinary drug residues. Due to its fast fabrication, sensitive, simple, compatibility with microfabrication techniques, and affordability, electrochemical biosensors can have their analytical performance significantly enhanced by modification of their surfaces with different materials such as metal nanoparticles, graphene, carbon nanotubes, magnetic particles, and quantum dots, among others. The utilization of nanomaterials favors electronic transfer and increases the analytical signal, improving the sensitivity. Electrochemical biosensors can be voltammetric, potentiometric, conductimetric, impedimetric, or coulometric, depending on the analytical signal to be measured. Among them, the voltammetric biosensors can be highlighted, mainly those based on amperometric detection, which is possible to verify a voltage-current-time relationship in an electrochemical arrangement consisting of three electrodes (biosensor as working electrode, auxiliary, and reference electrodes). Additionally, voltammetric biosensors can be associated with injection systems (sequential injection analysis, batch injection analysis, or flow injection analysis) which provide fast analysis, elevated throughput of samples, and high reproducibility. In this chapter, a short review of electrochemical biosensors and how they are applied to agricultural and veterinary analysis is addressed.
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Online ISBN 978-981-19-8501-0
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BAZZANA, M. J. F. et al. Electrochemical biosensors in agricultural and veterinary applications. In: KUMAR, P. et al. (ed.). Biomaterials-Based Sensors. Singapore: Springer, 2023. p. 349-385.
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