Prospecção dos efeitos de complexos vitamínicos hidrossolúveis, isolados e em associação a probióticos, na modulação de fosfolipases A2 e proteases

Abstract

Vitamins are essential micronutrients for the normal metabolism of all living organisms and necessary in the regulation of vital biochemical reactions. Dietary supplements (vitamins, minerals and probiotics), used correctly and with specialized guidance, can improve health and well-being, resulting in increased quality of life, as well as ensuring ideal physiological functions. These bioactive compounds, vitamins and probiotic metabolites, are promising agents that modulate enzymes associated with inflammatory processes and hemostasis, such as proteases (e.g. serine proteases and metalloproteases), which act in processes such as digestion, blood coagulation and tissue regeneration, and phospholipases A2, involved in the inflammatory response, blood clotting and cell proliferation. In this study, vitamins B2 (30.85%) and vitamin B12 (25.53%) showed significant potential for inhibiting phospholipases A2. In silico analyzes indicate that these substances promote Van der Walls interactions in the catalytic site and complexation with the Ca2+ ion, forming stable complexes, resulting in a decrease in enzymatic activity. In vitro tests showed results of inhibition of hemolytic, coagulation and proteolytic activity in general, when the venom is subjected to treatments, mainly with vitamin C, B2 and B12. Associated with probiotic strains, the ability of vitamins C to inhibit the caseinolytic activity of Bothrops moojeni venom by 31.58% stands out. With the vitamin-probiotic association, it was possible to reduce 46.81% and 43.26% of hemolysis evaluated in solid media, using vitamin B2 and B12, respectively. The antioxidant activity of these substances and their complexation with metallic cofactors, such as Zn2+, are probably the mechanisms that justify the inhibitions observed in proteolytic assays. The results of the present study indicate that vitamin solutions, alone and in association with probiotic bacteria, have potential as an adjuvant in maintaining health, by mitigating the catalytic capacity of inflammatory enzymes. Thus, the bioactive substances investigated show promise for the development of new therapeutic and preventive strategies in the context of inflammatory diseases, as well as human health in general.