Bioinsumos no desempenho agronômico e resiliência do arroz de terras alta

Abstract

The growth of the global population and the adverse effects of climate change impose on agriculture the challenge of producing more food with a lower environmental impact. In this context, bioinputs have gained prominence as biotechnological tools capable of promoting the sustainability of agricultural systems, mainly due to their positive effects on crop performance and resilience to abiotic stresses. This thesis, entitled Bioinputs in the agronomic performance and resilience of upland rice, is structured into two complementary chapters: a systematic review of the scientific literature and an experimental study conducted in a greenhouse and in the field. The first chapter presents a critical analysis of recent studies investigating the use of bioinputs in major agricultural crops. The review highlights how these inputs contribute to improved nutrient-use efficiency, modulation of soil microbiota, stimulation of plant growth, and increased tolerance to limiting environmental factors. The compiled data indicate a growing acceptance of bioinputs in diversified agricultural systems, with promising results for productivity and sustainability. The second chapter reports the findings of two experiments with upland rice, aimed at evaluating the effects of different bioinput dosages on agronomic variables and indicators of crop resilience. The results demonstrated significant gains in traits such as tiller number and grain mass per plant. Additionally, plants treated with bioinputs exhibited greater tolerance to water deficit and improved performance under adverse conditions, suggesting a positive effect on physiological resilience and yield stability. By integrating theoretical foundations with experimental data, this thesis highlights the potential of bioinputs as a strategic tool for the sustainable intensification of agriculture, especially in rainfed systems. The results reinforce the importance of expanding the technical validation of these inputs, promoting their inclusion in policies that support agroecological innovation and food security. Thus, the adoption of practices based on natural biotechnologies emerges as a viable and necessary path toward building more productive, resilient, and environmentally balanced agroecosystems.