Artigo
Aditivos como controladores da deterioração aeróbia em silagem de milho na região periférica de silos trincheira
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UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE LAVRAS
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Programa de Pós-Graduação
DZO - Programa de Pós-graduação
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais, FAPEMIG
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Áreas Temáticas da Extenção
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Em regiões de clima tropical o processo de deterioração aeróbia é mais intenso, podendo ocorrer de forma grave em áreas periféricas dos silos horizontais. Portanto, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito de duas cepas de Lactobacillus buchneri (comercial e indígena) e do benzoato de sódio no controle da estabilidade aeróbia em silagens de milho. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos onde foram testados os seguintes tratamentos: controle (C); L. buchneri cepa comercial CNCM I-4323 (LBC) e L. buchneri (NCBI HM162412.1) cepa indígena proveniente do Laboratório de Microbiologia da UFLA (LBI), na concentração de 1x106 ufc g-1 de forragem fresca; benzoato de sódio (SB) na concentração de 0,2% da forragem fresca. O experimento 1 foi realizado em silos experimentais, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado e o experimento 2 em silo de trincheira com aplicação dos tratamentos no topo em um delineamento em blocos casualizados. Ambos foram analisados usando o recurso MIXED GLM do programa SAS. O LBI apresentou menor concentração de ácido lático (P < 0,05) que SB, maior concentração de ácido acético (P < 0,05) que o C, que resultou em um pH mais elevado (P < 0,05) que as demais silagens (experimento 1). Foi observada tendência (P = 0,069) de diminuição da contagem de leveduras no experimento 1 quando o SB foi aplicado. Em ambos os experimentos o SB proporcionou aumento na estabilidade aeróbia (P < 0,05) em relação aos demais tratamentos. As silagens tratadas com SB apresentaram maior recuperação de carboidratos solúveis em água (CSA) (P < 0,05) e menores perdas de MS (PMS) (P < 0,05) que C, LBC e LBI, sendo que no experimento 2 as perdas foram semelhantes aos do centro do silo trincheira. O SB foi o mais eficiente em conservar os nutrientes e em manter a estabilidade aeróbia da silagem.
In warm climates, the aerobic stability of silage is a very important factor in determining its quality. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate two Lactobacillus buchneri strains (a commercial product and an indigenous specie) and sodium benzoate in improving aerobic stability of corn silage in laboratorial (experiment 1) and field conditions (experiment 2). For both experiments a corn hybrid was grown at University of Lavras (21º 14' S; 45º 00' W) and harvested at 50% milk line stage (36.8% DM). Chopped forage was treated with 1) deionized water (CON); 2) a commercial L. buchneri (CLB; strain CNCM I-4323); 3) an indigenous L. buchneri (ILB; NCBI HM162412.1), which was isolated from tropical forages; or 4) sodium benzoate at 0.2% (SB). Both inocula were applied at a rate of 1x106 cfu of bacteria g-1 of forage. In experiment 1, five replicates of each treatment were ensiled in 15-L plastic jars for 103 d. Chemical composition, microbial counts and aerobic stability were assessed. In experiment 2, the upper layer of the bunker silo was divided into four blocks where the treatments were applied. Plastic net bags with fresh forage were buried in the upper layer and in the center of the bunker. After 116 d of conservation, the bags were weighed to determine DM losses and the silages were analyzed for the chemical and microbial characteristics. In experiment 1, silages inoculated with ILB had greater pH value (4.05) than other treatments (P < 0.05). Acetate was higher in ILB silages (0.85% DM, P < 0.05) compared with CON silages (0.36% DM), and CLB and SB silages showed intermediate concentrations (0.67 and 0.48%, respectively). SB silages showed higher lactic acid concentration (5.86% DM, P < 0.05) than ILB silages (2.17% DM), and CON and CLB silages had intermediate values. The number of yeasts and molds was similar among treatments. However, SB tended to affect yeasts number (P = 0.069). In experiment 2, SB silages had more residual water-soluble carbohydrates than other silages (P < 0,05) and lower concentration of acetic, propionic and butyric acids. SB was also effective in reducing DM losses during storage among treatments. SB silages differed in aerobic stability and aerobic deterioration than other silages. SB was the most effective additive, producing well-fermented silage and a long aerobic stability.
In warm climates, the aerobic stability of silage is a very important factor in determining its quality. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate two Lactobacillus buchneri strains (a commercial product and an indigenous specie) and sodium benzoate in improving aerobic stability of corn silage in laboratorial (experiment 1) and field conditions (experiment 2). For both experiments a corn hybrid was grown at University of Lavras (21º 14' S; 45º 00' W) and harvested at 50% milk line stage (36.8% DM). Chopped forage was treated with 1) deionized water (CON); 2) a commercial L. buchneri (CLB; strain CNCM I-4323); 3) an indigenous L. buchneri (ILB; NCBI HM162412.1), which was isolated from tropical forages; or 4) sodium benzoate at 0.2% (SB). Both inocula were applied at a rate of 1x106 cfu of bacteria g-1 of forage. In experiment 1, five replicates of each treatment were ensiled in 15-L plastic jars for 103 d. Chemical composition, microbial counts and aerobic stability were assessed. In experiment 2, the upper layer of the bunker silo was divided into four blocks where the treatments were applied. Plastic net bags with fresh forage were buried in the upper layer and in the center of the bunker. After 116 d of conservation, the bags were weighed to determine DM losses and the silages were analyzed for the chemical and microbial characteristics. In experiment 1, silages inoculated with ILB had greater pH value (4.05) than other treatments (P < 0.05). Acetate was higher in ILB silages (0.85% DM, P < 0.05) compared with CON silages (0.36% DM), and CLB and SB silages showed intermediate concentrations (0.67 and 0.48%, respectively). SB silages showed higher lactic acid concentration (5.86% DM, P < 0.05) than ILB silages (2.17% DM), and CON and CLB silages had intermediate values. The number of yeasts and molds was similar among treatments. However, SB tended to affect yeasts number (P = 0.069). In experiment 2, SB silages had more residual water-soluble carbohydrates than other silages (P < 0,05) and lower concentration of acetic, propionic and butyric acids. SB was also effective in reducing DM losses during storage among treatments. SB silages differed in aerobic stability and aerobic deterioration than other silages. SB was the most effective additive, producing well-fermented silage and a long aerobic stability.
Abstract
Descrição
Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Lavras, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, área de concentração em Produção e Nutrição de Ruminantes, para a obtenção do título de Mestre.
Área de concentração
Produção e Nutrição de Ruminantes
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SILVA, N. C. da. Aditivos como controladores da deterioração aeróbia em silagem de milho na região periférica de silos trincheira. 2013. 69 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia)-Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 2013.