Estudo probabilístico de sistemas quânticos: relações entre desigualdades tipo Bell

Abstract

In 1964, John S. Bell publishes an article in response to the Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen paradox, in which he develops an inequality involving statistical correlation, basing on the supposition that Quantum Mechanics is a statistical theory. There should, therefore, exist a random variable related to the observations, in which, if there was the possibility of knowing its value, the result of the experiment would be completely predictable. Thus, the lack of predictability of the experiment would be due to the ignorance regarding the value that such variable assumes during the experiment. However, when using the formula obtained by calculating the probabilities of the Quantum Mechanic experiment, we find a set of values in which the inequality is violated. Thus, we concluded that the Kolmogorov probability axioms are not enough to describe quantum phenomena. In 1969, J. F. Clauser, M. A. Horne, A. Shimony and R. A. Holt adapted Bell’s inequality for a viable experiment. In this dissertation, we compared the violation regions of the Wigner and Bell inequalities, verifying that they are equal and equivalent to the violation of one of the Kolmogorov axioms. We also verified that it is possible to create probability functions for quantum experiments that represent the Bell and Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequalities if compatible for changing a Kolmogorov axiom. The dissertation aims at regarding a few incompatibilities of the Quantum Theory with the Probability Theory found in literature, statistically analyzing the formulas obtained.