Fermionic wave functions and Grassmann fields as possible sources of dark energy

Abstract

We study a cosmological model with a fermionic field which can be interpreted as a source of dark energy in the universe. Two different approaches were considered, the first one with a massless fermionic field represented by a standard wave-function and the second one where a massive field is a Grassmann variable. The first case naturally reduces to a XCDM model with a constant equation of state parameter, while the last case reproduces a w(z)CDM model for a massive field, and in the massless limit, the intrinsic Grassmannian property of the field leads always to a vacuum equation of state parameter, irrespective the specific form of the potential. Both cases leads to a dark energy contribution of the fermionic sector. The models are totally compatible with recent cosmological data from Supernovae, BAO and Hubble parameter measurements. A brief study of linear evolution of density perturbations shows that some of the small scale problems related to standard model can be at least alleviated.