Degradação de compostos do petróleo por Coprinopsis calospora e Agaricus subrufescens

Abstract

Petroleum is an organic compound, generated by biogeochemical processes, consisting mostly of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, which if transported incorrectly can pollute the environment. Biosurfactants are natural emulsifiers of hydrocarbons that favor the reduction of surface tension, configuring high emulsifying capacity. They can be produced through the metabolism of microorganisms and have low toxicity and high biodegradability, and biocompatibility conferring high advantage over the use of chemical surfactants and efficiency when used in low concentrations, in addition to enabling a synthesis from natural substrates in mild environmental conditions and long storage time. They are mostly produced by bacteria, however, there are already reports of the production of biosurfactants by fungi. By using suitable petroleum-degrading microorganisms, some toxic and harmful pollutants of petroleum hydrocarbons can be degraded into harmless substances or even disappear from the environment. Coprinopsis sp fungi are basidiomycetes that have excellent performance in the production of ligninolytic enzymes, are excellent accumulators of heavy metals and act in the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as a result, more species of this genus should be studied and evaluated for their application in the recovery of areas contaminated with oil and its derivatives. Thus, considering the potential of fungi in the production of biosurfactants and the importance of these compounds for various biological processes, which can be applied in industry, the residual substrate resulting from the process of cultivation of edible mushrooms is valuable. The objective of this project will be to evaluate the potential for oil degradation of the species of Coprinopsis calospora found in agricultural residues and its emulsifying and enzymatic properties through an ideal substrate using coffee husk suitable for cultivation of Coprinopsis calospora, to verify the final degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by analyzing the aromatic and aliphatic fraction by Coprinopsis calospora + Petroleum at different degradation times, verify the effectiveness of the use of crude extract of Coprinopsis calospora in the cleaning of pipelines and oil tanks.